Drought induces xylem embolism formation but grapevines can refill non-functional vessels to restore transport capacity. It is unknown whether vulnerability to embolism formation and ability to repair differ among grapevine species. We analysed in vivo embolism formation and repair using x-ray computed microtomography in three wild grapevine species from varied native habitats (Vitis riparia V.?arizonica V.?champinii) and related responses to measurements of leaf gas exchange and root pressure. Vulnerability to embolism formation was greatest in V.?riparia intermediate in V.?arizonica and lowest in V.?champinii. After re-watering embolism repair was rapid and pronounced in V.?riparia and V.?arizonica but limited or negligible in V.?champinii even after numerous days. Similarly root pressure measured after re-watering was positively correlated with drought stress severity for V.?riparia and V.?arizonica (species exhibiting embolism repair) but not for V.?champinii. Drought-induced reductions in transpiration were greatest for V.?riparia and least in V.?champinii. Recovery of transpiration after re-watering was delayed for all species but was greatest for V.?champinii and most rapid in V.?arizonica. These species exhibit varied responses to drought stress that involve maintenance/recovery of xylem transport capacity coordinated with root pressure and gas exchange responses.