The corpus lignosum compositum is assigned in this work as “compound vascular cylinder” and is typical for the lianas from the Sapindaceae family. In the stem of the Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. this cambial variant is represented by a central vascular cylinder surrounded by eight peripheral vascular cylinders. There is no consensus about the terminology that involves this structure making difficult an anatomical approach without a terminological adequacy. In this study through the anatomical analysis it was verified that even before the vascularization there are indications of a compound vascular structure with the formation of eight lobes that surround the central area. With the beginning of the vascularization of each lobe the central area is called “vascular cylinder”. The term adopted here “compound vascular cylinder” is proper because it reflects the homology between the vascular cylinders in S. caracasana through the procambial origin. This term shows a descriptive attribute that enables the concept understanding and keeps the linguistic equivalence with the original term – corpus lignosum compositum. We reject the term “multistelar stem” and “polystelic stem” because the results obtained here indicate the presence of a single stele in the stem.